How to Build an Emergency Litter or Stretcher in a Survival or Wilderness Situation

In any survival or wilderness emergency, being able to transport an injured person quickly and safely is crucial.

Whether you're deep in the backcountry or facing an unexpected disaster, knowing how to construct an emergency litter or stretcher could mean the difference between life and death.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through different methods to build a stretcher using natural and improvised materials.

Why You Might Need an Emergency Litter or Stretcher

Emergency situations in the wilderness can arise from a variety of circumstances, including:

• Hiking or hunting accidents

• Natural disasters like earthquakes or floods

• Military or survival scenarios

• Medical emergencies requiring evacuation

If a person is too injured to walk, carrying them safely is essential. A properly built stretcher helps prevent further injury while allowing for efficient transport.

Basic Principles of an Effective Emergency Stretcher

Before constructing a stretcher, keep these key principles in mind:

• Strength – The stretcher should support the person’s weight without breaking.

• Stability – It should minimize movement to prevent further injury.

• Comfort – Avoid sharp edges or rough materials that could cause discomfort.

• Portability – It should be light enough to carry over long distances.

Methods to Build an Emergency Stretcher in the Wilderness

1. Using Poles and Fabric (Traditional Stretcher)

This is one of the most effective and easiest ways to build a stretcher if you have access to fabric materials.

Materials Needed:

• Two strong, straight poles (6-7 feet long) – tree branches, trekking poles, or tent poles

• Sturdy fabric – a tarp, blanket, jacket, or rope

Steps:

1. Lay the fabric flat on the ground.

2. Position the poles parallel to each other, about shoulder-width apart.

3. Wrap the fabric around the poles by folding it over them or tying it securely.

4. Secure the fabric using knots or by tucking the material under itself.

5. Test the stretcher by applying weight before placing the injured person on it.

2. Rope and Stick Stretcher (Improvised Weave Stretcher)

If you don’t have fabric, you can use rope or vines to create a strong stretcher frame.

Materials Needed:

• Two strong poles

• Several smaller sticks (to form a lattice)

• Rope, paracord, or strong vines

Steps:

1. Lay the two poles parallel on the ground.

2. Weave the rope or vines between the poles in a crisscross pattern.

3. Place smaller sticks across the weave to strengthen the structure.

4. Tightly secure the rope and sticks to prevent shifting.

5. Ensure the structure is strong enough to support the injured person.

3. Backpack or Jacket Stretcher (Fastest Method)

When time is critical, you can quickly create a stretcher using backpacks or jackets.

Materials Needed:

• Two long poles

• Several backpacks or jackets

Steps:

1. Lay the poles on the ground.

2. Slide backpack straps over the poles to create a secure platform.

3. If using jackets, zip them up and slide the poles through the sleeves.

4. Check for stability before moving the injured person.

4. Branch and Vine Stretcher (All-Natural Method)

If you have no modern materials, you can construct a stretcher using entirely natural resources.

Materials Needed:

• Two long, sturdy branches

• Several smaller branches for support

• Vines, flexible branches, or long grass for lashing

Steps:

1. Find two strong branches for the main support structure.

2. Lay smaller branches across the main poles to form a base.

3. Secure the smaller branches using vines or flexible branches in a tight lashing.

4. Ensure all parts are tightly bound before placing weight on it.

Alternative Carrying Methods When a Stretcher Isn’t Available

Sometimes, you won’t have time or materials to build a stretcher. Here are alternative ways to carry an injured person:

Fireman’s Carry

• Best for single rescuers carrying a conscious or unconscious person.

• Lift the person over your shoulders, balancing their weight evenly.

Two-Person Seat Carry

• Two rescuers form a seat with their hands and arms to carry the person in a seated position.

Hasty Drag

• If mobility is severely limited, drag the injured person using their clothing or a makeshift sled.

Safety Tips When Transporting an Injured Person

• Assess the injury first – Ensure it’s safe to move the person without causing more harm.

• Move slowly and steadily – Jerky movements can worsen injuries.

• Take breaks – Carrying someone long distances is exhausting; rest when needed.

• Keep the person warm – Use blankets, jackets, or leaves to maintain body temperature.

• Communicate constantly – If the person is conscious, keep them informed and reassured.

Closing thoughts...

Knowing how to build an emergency litter or stretcher is an essential survival skill that can save lives.

 Whether using modern gear, improvised materials, or completely natural resources, the ability to transport an injured person safely is crucial in any survival situation.

By mastering these techniques, you can be prepared for unexpected emergencies in the wilderness or disaster scenarios.

#SurvivalSkills #WildernessRescue #EmergencyPreparedness #BetterBushcraft